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United States · 58 metropolitan areas

More remote workers.

Where do more residents work from home? Among these 58 metros, Raleigh, NC ranks first at 23.5% (ACS 2024).

Metros are Census metropolitan statistical areas, not city limits. ACS 2024 one-year figures are annual survey estimates with margins of error, not live salaries, asking rents or monthly job reports.

Income × rent · ACS 2024Select a metro to highlight it in the table
$1000$1400$1800$2200$2600$3000$50k$80k$110k$140k$170kHigher monthly gross rentMore income, lower rentANNUAL MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME →Cleveland, OH: $72,532 income · $1,087 monthly gross rentPittsburgh, PA: $77,214 income · $1,083 monthly gross rentOklahoma City, OK: $72,930 income · $1,162 monthly gross rentRochester, NY: $76,453 income · $1,172 monthly gross rentSt. Louis, MO-IL: $81,679 income · $1,154 monthly gross rentOmaha, NE-IA: $84,524 income · $1,230 monthly gross rentLouisville, KY-IN: $74,305 income · $1,140 monthly gross rentCincinnati, OH-KY-IN: $81,489 income · $1,203 monthly gross rentDallas-Fort Worth, TX: $92,733 income · $1,718 monthly gross rentDetroit, MI: $76,403 income · $1,248 monthly gross rentTulsa, OK: $69,658 income · $1,115 monthly gross rentAtlanta, GA: $92,344 income · $1,770 monthly gross rentBuffalo, NY: $72,300 income · $1,114 monthly gross rentMinneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI: $97,928 income · $1,444 monthly gross rentSan Antonio, TX: $78,112 income · $1,422 monthly gross rentColumbus, OH: $82,938 income · $1,359 monthly gross rentHouston, TX: $81,417 income · $1,469 monthly gross rentIndianapolis, IN: $80,239 income · $1,273 monthly gross rentKansas City, MO-KS: $83,785 income · $1,315 monthly gross rentGrand Rapids, MI: $81,541 income · $1,289 monthly gross rentMemphis, TN-MS-AR: $68,124 income · $1,330 monthly gross rentBaltimore, MD: $98,666 income · $1,633 monthly gross rentBirmingham, AL: $74,954 income · $1,262 monthly gross rentChicago, IL-IN-WI: $90,770 income · $1,469 monthly gross rentHartford, CT: $94,419 income · $1,458 monthly gross rentPhiladelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD: $90,850 income · $1,567 monthly gross rentVirginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC: $82,402 income · $1,556 monthly gross rentGreenville, SC: $75,881 income · $1,236 monthly gross rentNew Orleans, LA: $62,373 income · $1,262 monthly gross rentAustin, TX: $99,897 income · $1,784 monthly gross rentJacksonville, FL: $82,053 income · $1,625 monthly gross rentNashville, TN: $88,800 income · $1,627 monthly gross rentCharlotte, NC-SC: $85,938 income · $1,594 monthly gross rentTampa-St. Petersburg, FL: $78,275 income · $1,776 monthly gross rentPhoenix, AZ: $90,133 income · $1,819 monthly gross rentRichmond, VA: $83,460 income · $1,546 monthly gross rentTucson, AZ: $72,067 income · $1,300 monthly gross rentWashington, DC-VA-MD-WV: $126,244 income · $2,037 monthly gross rentOrlando, FL: $81,044 income · $1,877 monthly gross rentSacramento, CA: $98,775 income · $1,904 monthly gross rentMilwaukee, WI: $77,919 income · $1,177 monthly gross rentFresno, CA: $74,983 income · $1,513 monthly gross rentLas Vegas, NV: $80,028 income · $1,739 monthly gross rentSalt Lake City, UT: $100,548 income · $1,659 monthly gross rentDenver, CO: $108,046 income · $1,943 monthly gross rentPortland, OR-WA: $98,994 income · $1,767 monthly gross rentRiverside-San Bernardino, CA: $91,013 income · $2,006 monthly gross rentProvidence, RI-MA: $82,870 income · $1,396 monthly gross rentBoston, MA-NH: $117,825 income · $2,093 monthly gross rentSeattle, WA: $112,388 income · $2,050 monthly gross rentNew York, NY-NJ-PA: $99,852 income · $1,851 monthly gross rentMiami, FL: $80,625 income · $2,083 monthly gross rentSan Diego, CA: $109,132 income · $2,336 monthly gross rentSan Francisco, CA: $135,590 income · $2,435 monthly gross rentHonolulu, HI: $105,205 income · $2,001 monthly gross rentLos Angeles, CA: $96,405 income · $2,114 monthly gross rentSan Jose, CA: $164,801 income · $2,827 monthly gross rentRaleigh
Both axes: Census ACS 2024 metro estimates. Gross rent includes utilities and reflects existing tenants. Household income includes renters and owners; this is not a renter-specific affordability ratio.
58 of 58 metros

Share of workers age 16+ working from home. This is not a measure of available remote jobs. Source: US Census Bureau, ACS 2024 one-year estimates, table B08301 (via Census Reporter).

#Metro areaHousehold incomePeriodOpen
1RaleighNC$102,14423.5%2024
2AustinTX$99,89723.2%2024
3DenverCO$108,04622.6%2024
4PortlandOR-WA$98,99420.0%2024
5WashingtonDC-VA-MD-WV$126,24419.9%2024
6Tampa-St. PetersburgFL$78,27519.3%2024
7CharlotteNC-SC$85,93819.0%2024
8San FranciscoCA$135,59018.9%2024
9AtlantaGA$92,34418.8%2024
10SeattleWA$112,38818.5%2024
11PhoenixAZ$90,13317.8%2024
12Minneapolis-St. PaulMN-WI$97,92817.4%2024
13JacksonvilleFL$82,05317.4%2024
14ColumbusOH$82,93816.9%2024
15OrlandoFL$81,04416.8%2024
16NashvilleTN$88,80016.8%2024
17SacramentoCA$98,77516.8%2024
18Salt Lake CityUT$100,54816.3%2024
19BostonMA-NH$117,82516.2%2024
20San DiegoCA$109,13216.1%2024
21RichmondVA$83,46016.1%2024
22PittsburghPA$77,21415.7%2024
23Dallas-Fort WorthTX$92,73315.6%2024
24PhiladelphiaPA-NJ-DE-MD$90,85015.4%2024
25BaltimoreMD$98,66615.1%2024
26Los AngelesCA$96,40514.9%2024
27ChicagoIL-IN-WI$90,77014.9%2024
28Kansas CityMO-KS$83,78514.7%2024
29San JoseCA$164,80114.6%2024
30MiamiFL$80,62514.3%2024
31HartfordCT$94,41913.8%2024
32TucsonAZ$72,06713.7%2024
33IndianapolisIN$80,23913.6%2024
34ClevelandOH$72,53213.5%2024
35San AntonioTX$78,11213.4%2024
36St. LouisMO-IL$81,67913.3%2024
37MilwaukeeWI$77,91912.9%2024
38New YorkNY-NJ-PA$99,85212.9%2024
39CincinnatiOH-KY-IN$81,48912.7%2024
40DetroitMI$76,40312.5%2024
41LouisvilleKY-IN$74,30512.5%2024
42GreenvilleSC$75,88112.5%2024
43OmahaNE-IA$84,52412.5%2024
44HoustonTX$81,41712.1%2024
45RochesterNY$76,45312.0%2024
46Las VegasNV$80,02811.4%2024
47Grand RapidsMI$81,54111.4%2024
48Virginia Beach-NorfolkVA-NC$82,40211.3%2024
49ProvidenceRI-MA$82,87011.1%2024
50Riverside-San BernardinoCA$91,01310.9%2024
51BirminghamAL$74,95410.8%2024
52Oklahoma CityOK$72,93010.5%2024
53BuffaloNY$72,30010.4%2024
54MemphisTN-MS-AR$68,1249.9%2024
55TulsaOK$69,6589.4%2024
56New OrleansLA$62,3739.2%2024
57FresnoCA$74,9838.4%2024
58HonoluluHI$105,2057.7%2024
58 of 58 metros · ACS 2024Ranks are among these 58 metros, not every US city. Ties share a rank.
Before you make a move

How to read these rankings

Which city is best for me?

Start with the decision you are making. Compare income and employment for work, rent for an ongoing housing bill, and monthly climate for the seasons you prefer. Use the comparison workspace to see what you gain and give up.

Does a high income mean life is cheaper?

No. Household income is not an individual job offer, and rent is only one expense. A personal budget also needs taxes, transport, childcare, healthcare and other costs. We do not label our housing measures a complete cost-of-living score.

Is this the city or its surrounding metro?

These are metro-level comparisons. Your neighborhood can have very different rent, schools, transport and commute times. Metro averages are a starting point for deciding where to look more closely.

Where are safety, schools and things to do?

Those need additional, comparable local sources. They are not included in these rankings yet. We show the specific measures we have rather than filling the gaps with a general “quality of life” score.

Where these numbers come fromData & methodology
Source
US Census Bureau, ACS 2024 one-year estimates, table B08301 (via Census Reporter)Income, jobs, rent and commuting: US Census Bureau ACS 2024 one-year estimates via Census Reporter. Climate: NASA POWER / MERRA-2. Home prices: Demographia 2026 edition.
Period
2024ACS survey year 2024 · climate averages 2001–2020 · house prices Q3 2025
Coverage
58 US metropolitan statistical areasThe metro universe comes from Demographia housing coverage; it is not every US city or city-proper boundary.
Definition
Work from homeShare of workers age 16+ working from home. This is not a measure of available remote jobs.

Survey point estimates; small rank differences can fall within sampling uncertainty. Raw ACS estimates and margins of error are retained in the source data; margins for derived ratios are not computed. No overall quality-of-life or cost-of-living score is computed. Row thumbnails are the licensed Wikimedia Commons photographs credited on each metro profile.

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