Epoch AI: ai-compute-ownership

Power is accelerator nameplate TDP summed and converted from watts to MW. It is not facility load or metered consumption.

median estimated owned compute in H100 equivalents

Epoch AI open datasets

CC BY 4.0

Direction

descending

Tie Breaker

entity slug ascending

• Amazon
• CoreWeave
• Google
• Meta
• Microsoft
• Oracle
• xAI

For each of seven reviewed corporate owners, select the latest cumulative Epoch record for every represented chip type, then sum component medians and component p5/p95 values. An owner is omitted unless all selected components contain the complete p5/median/p95 bands.

Epoch's component-level p5 and p95 estimates carry the quantitative uncertainty. Rank.ai maps Epoch's Incomplete flag to a publication confidence of 0.55, otherwise 0.75; that confidence is a completeness signal, not a probability.

Source: Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0)

• This measures estimated compute ownership, not utilization.
• It does not measure GPU-hours, training share, inference share, or workload allocation.
• H100e normalizes peak dense 8-bit compute and is not a physical GPU count.
• Summed component p5/p95 values are displayed as component-bound sums, not a recomputed joint distribution.
• Cloud-owned compute may be used by customers not represented as owners.
• Aggregate China, smuggled-China, and Other cohorts are excluded from the corporate-company board.
• A reviewed corporate owner with a missing component uncertainty band is omitted rather than imputed.

Distinct nonblank HTTPS source links on selected cumulative records and their supporting quarterly component records. Zero is published honestly when Epoch supplies no granular link for a modeled cohort.

Missing, blank, excluded, or incomplete values are omitted and are never converted to zero.

• China
• China (smuggled)
• Other

Schema Mode

exact ordered CSV headers

Release Rollback

reject

Release Date Required

Yes

Raw Bytes Sha256 Required

Yes

Same Release Hash Mutation

reject